WE WILL RUN OUT OF BREATHABLE OXIGEN??????

According to the data Keeling has meticulously collected since 1989 the world is running out of breathable air and the rate that it's losing oxygen is now on the verge of accelerating.

Monitoring oxygen levels around the world is Keeling's job. And the data confirms that Earth's oxygen supply is decreasing. Keeling created the famous 'Keeling Curve,' a graph that extrapolates the current trend of the oxygen depletion in the atmosphere .

Less oxygen equals less life

A long time ago, the Earth was very rich in oxygen. The air contained such an abundance of the element - close to one-third of the atmosphere was oxygen - that animals and insects grew to gargantuan sizes. For instance, the ancestors of dragonflies once had four foot wingspans.

But now, due to overpopulation by humans, animals - even insect colonies - and deforestation, the oxygen in the air is become a limited resource.

Concerned scientists watching potential eruptions of super volcanoes - like the ones at Yellowstone or the Canary Islands - have already calculated the oxygen levels that would be displaced in our atmosphere should any of them erupt.

And the calculations' sums are enough to cause those in the know chronically sleepless nights.

As heliophysicists have been pointing out, much of the global climate change has been driven by significant changes in the sun. A decade ago many astronomers took notice of the sun acting in ways never quite seen in history.

Now the sun is expected to reach solar maximum during the next several years

However, most connections between solar activity and volcanic eruptions produce: massive solar activity can lead to massive volcanic eruptions releasing trillions of cubic feet of methane, sulfur, CO2 and other gases that tend to displace free oxygen in the atmosphere. It means less oxygen equals less life..

Warning signs mounting

Warning sign one: oceanic dead zones
The first sign of oxygen depletion occurs in the oceans. Dead zones - regions where oxygen has been depleted and life can no longer exist - were first documented in the late 1970s. As time progressed, researchers discovered the dead zones were growing in size and number. New dead zones were discovered and life in those areas either moved or died. The dead zones continue to expand and the areas of oxygen depletion are accelerating.

Warning sign two: forest charcoal
Forest fires provide a constant depletion of Earth's oxygen. Fires in an oxygen rich environment leave little or no carbon residue. The less oxygen available for combustion, the more charcoal remains as fire is unable to consume all the combustible material.

Warning sign three: methane and rapid Earth atmospheric change
Experts such as Northwestern University's Gregory Ryskin (creator of the methane mass extinction hypothesis) have painted a performance that could account for mass extinctions from terrestrial oxygen depletion.


Atmospheric oxygen: from 30 to 20 to 5 percent?
Robert Berner of Yale University thinks oxygen levels are rapidly going down, after the coal deposits are slowly rising to present day levels. His model tracks the oxygen level as 30 percent 300 million years ago. That plummeted to levels that we have today - about 19 to 21 percent depending on elevation.

One unknown cause could be the collapse of Earth's magnetic field and the sun's hard radiation bombarding the unprotected planet for thousands of years. As the plants died off and massive amounts of carbon were released into the atmosphere, the oxygen levels took a nosedive.

Crack of Doomsday could steal your breath away

As the oxygen depletes to levels unable to sustain Earth's higher life forms, some experts offer comfort by assuring that the end would come quickly. Asphyxia is not a pleasant death after all, and the image of billions gasping for one more breath - like flopping fish out of water - is a distinctly disturbing one.


https://youtu.be/ipe6CMvW0Dg

why  the titan   arum smell so bad?

Pollak explained that dung beetles, flesh flies and other carnivorous insects are the primary pollinators of this type of flower. These insects typically eat dead flesh. The smell and the dark burgundy color of corpse flower are meant to imitate a dead animal to attract these insects. 

 The bloom uses the scent of rotting flesh to attract pollinators, mainly flies. The first evening of bloom is when the female flowers are open and receptive to pollen. This is the time when the bloom smells the most so it can lure in flies which hopefully have visited another Titan Arum bloom recently and are carrying pollen. The tall center part of the bloom, the spadix, actually heats up the first night to help disperse the odor far distances. The temperature of the spadix will reach about 98F, about the same temperature as the human body. 

The titan arum, therst of two flowers in this list nicknamed the corpse flower, carries the unfortunate designation of being "the worst smelling flower in the world." It smells like — you guessed it — a stinking, rotting corpse. It does its job well enough, since its principal pollinators are flies and beetles that prefer to lay their eggs in dead things. The flower is also clearly titanic, with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. This is one massive, smelly bloom. Its vase-like exterior contains thousands of flowers inside, all puffing their fetor into the air. The inside of the spathe is the color of red meat, for added effect. The only good news is that the flower's bloom doesn't last very long, only about 24 to 48 hours, after blooming only once every four to six years. 

why  the titan   arum smell so bad?

Pollak explained that dung beetles, flesh flies and other carnivorous insects are the primary pollinators of this type of flower. These insects typically eat dead flesh. The smell and the dark burgundy color of corpse flower are meant to imitate a dead animal to attract these insects. 

 The bloom uses the scent of rotting flesh to attract pollinators, mainly flies. The first evening of bloom is when the female flowers are open and receptive to pollen. This is the time when the bloom smells the most so it can lure in flies which hopefully have visited another Titan Arum bloom recently and are carrying pollen. The tall center part of the bloom, the spadix, actually heats up the first night to help disperse the odor far distances. The temperature of the spadix will reach about 98F, about the same temperature as the human body. 

The titan arum, therst of two flowers in this list nicknamed the corpse flower, carries the unfortunate designation of being "the worst smelling flower in the world." It smells like — you guessed it — a stinking, rotting corpse. It does its job well enough, since its principal pollinators are flies and beetles that prefer to lay their eggs in dead things. The flower is also clearly titanic, with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. This is one massive, smelly bloom. Its vase-like exterior contains thousands of flowers inside, all puffing their fetor into the air. The inside of the spathe is the color of red meat, for added effect. The only good news is that the flower's bloom doesn't last very long, only about 24 to 48 hours, after blooming only once every four to six years. 

Does smoking contribute to global warming ?

Ok well  smoking contribute to global warming but this is not the only cause humans affect 0.05% of global warming and also  fossil fuels, coal, petroleum only account for 2.5% of global warming.but you won't contribute to much to global warming because you will die to early if you smoke a lot .Although a cigeratte does release CO2 when it is burned the tobacco inside it took up that CO2 from the atmosphere when it was grown.


  Will you stopping smoking stop global warming ? Of course not there are lots of things to global warming like .
  
   I'm going to give you six eamples:         
  
1.Burning fossil fuels
2.Cutting down forests all over the world
3.Using electricity
4.Using cars running on fossil fuels.
5.Eating red meat
6.Not recycling.       



But it is a thing that we don't have to be worried  Smoking itself contributes very little to global warming by blowing off carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, trillions of cigarettes made per year require tobacco growing which leaches minerals out of the land. Filters take years to destroy and buts themselves take months to break down. So although the act of smoking itself does not contribute negatively toward the environment, the second had products are very harmful to the planet.    



we have to care about this and not from cigarretes 






And also the red meat contrbute to global warming what we are going to do stop eating red meat 

13- Are viruses living or non-living organisms?

       ARE VIRUSES LIVING OR NON-LIVING ORGANISMS ? :)                           
  They are inbetween. Viruses CANNOT be classified as living organisms because alone they cannot replicate, they need a host (another living cell) to replicate. They do not have cells. Biologically speaking they are non-living things.they do not have the same characteristics of a living organism.. They cannot do anything without a host. They cannot reproduce without a host, have an energy source, react to their environment, they can stay dormant for millions of years. This is why they are difficult to detect. They inject nucleic acid and attach themselves to a living organism. This question differs based on who you ask. In my opinion, they aren't alive.

I see viruses as packages of genes coated in protein and that they are inert on their own. I think of viruses as stuck in a "Twilight Zone" between living and non living. I don't think that viruses are true living organisms because they do not grow by dividing, generate energy, creating protein, etc. Yet, some scientists believe they are living because they contain genes necessary for their replication. And there are some bacteria that are like viruses, unable to reproduce outside a host cell, such as Chlamydia or Rickettsia that are classified as living organisms. But they have the same limitations as viruses.
                                                                 CHLAMYDIA

PICTURE                                                                                    DISEASE                                                         



                                                                              RICKETTSIA


PICTURE                                                                                    DISEASE






The basic requirement of a living organism is that it should be able to reproduce/replicate itself.

Viruses are conventionally DNA or RNA coated with a variety of coat proteins and other biomolecules such as phospholipids. However, they cannot reproduce. Not until they attack and successfully invade a living cell, which could be a simple bacterium or a human cell.
So how does a virus reproduce? It enters the host cell and integrates its DNA with the host's DNA. If the virus has RNA as its genetic material, then an enzyme called reverse transcriptase turns the viral RNA into DNA which then goes on to integrate with the host cell's DNA.

The viral DNA may not even divide immediately and may go into a temporary rest phase, called the lysogenic cycle. Once it detects favorable conditions for replication, it enters the lytic cycle and uses the host cell's machinery to replicate itself and produce progeny viruses. So the original virus contributed no energy or resources to this replication process. This is what raises the debate about a virus' status of life.

Virus comes under both the category of living or non living organism. When virus present inside the human body or any living things body,it is said to be that virus is living organism,But When virus present outside the human body or any living things body,it is called as non-living organism.
 fail to see how a virus could be inside once in a host cell as often they have broken apart to shed their protein coat and release RNA. This RNA is then read by ribosomes that assemble more virus proteins, with the RNA is replicated by other processes, then the viral components self assemble. I don't think it is fair to say that any of that counts a virus as alive considering that when a virus replicates there is no whole virus at all..
Mimivirus possesses many characteristics which place it at the boundary of living and non-living. It is as large as several bacterial species, such as Rickettsia conorii and Tropheryma whipplei, possesses a genome of comparable size to several bacteria, including those above, and codes for products previously not thought to be encoded by viruses. In addition, mimivirus possesses genes coding for nucleotide and amino acid synthesis, which even some small obligate intracellular bacteria lack. This means that unlike these bacteria, mimivirus is not dependent on the host cell genome for coding the metabolic pathways for these products. They do however, lack genes for ribosomal proteins, making mimivirus dependent on a host cell for protein translation and energy metabolism. These factors combined have thrown scientists into debate over whether mimivirus is a distinct form of life, comparable on a domain scale to Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria. Nevertheless, mimivirus does not exhibit the following characteristics, all of which are part of many conventional definitions of life: homeostasis, response to stimuli, growth in the normal sense of the term (instead replicating via self-assembly of individual components) or undergoing cellular division.

by:PAULA DIAZ 1A

DO CELL NOISE?

Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, had already studied yeast cells beer, discovering that their cell walls vibrated at a rate of 1,000 pulses per second. These movements, transformed into sound, creating what scientists have described as a high-frequency sound (the equivalent of two octaves above middle C on the piano). Responsible for these vibrations are molecular motors that transport proteins inside the cell

Get sounds of human cells is more difficult, because animal cells have membranes whose vibrations ripple difficult. Yet human cells "emit a whimper" when they receive light.

 

This property is taking advantage Richard Snook and Peter Gardner, a biologist at the University of Manchester, to detect cancer. To perform their experiments, they bombarded human prostate cells with infrared rays, and microphones perceived thousands of simultaneous notes generated by the cells. Statistical analysis of these sounds could be very significant, as Gardner points out:The difference between a healthy cell and a cancerous is that between two great orchestras playing time, only in the cancer orchestra tuba horribly out of tune

25.- Can wind farms cause climate changes ?

I would say that wind farms are very benefit for humans in enviromental impatcs.  

Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution, unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and infrastructure made unavailable for use.

We must remember that wind farms do not generate wind airflow, conversely wind farms only transform winds to generate "Green Energy" , Clean and durable Electricity.

 Only critics to wind farms come from  reports of birds and bats mortality at wind turbines as there are around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact may or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances. Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat bogs, affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.

                  The Gansu Wind Farm in China is the largest wind farm in the world, with a target capacity of 20,000 MW by 2020 

In order to underline afirmations we search declarations for  WWF Scotland’s director Lang Banks  in 2014 WheaterEnergy Report about investment in wind and solar power.

“Without doubt, 2014 was a massive year for renewables, with wind turbines and solar panels helping to ensure millions of tonnes of climate-wreaking carbon emissions were avoided. With 2015 being a critical year for addressing climate change internationally, it’s vital that Scotland continues to press ahead with plans to harness even greater amounts of clean energy. 

20. Do dogs sweat from their tongues?

Do dogs sweat from their tongues?

The skin of the dog's body is not like the people and has no glands that help humans sweat. Dogs perspire through his pads, but they expel the heat through their mouth. This explains that dogs sweat by their tongues.

Through the pads of the feet, dogs eliminate heat by perspiration (for these reason we see that they leave marked their footprints on the floor when they have heat.

Gasping is without a doubt the most important thermoregulator mechanism. Have you ever seen that when our dogs have heat take out the tongue, they gasp and breathe stronger? They do it in an excess of temperature. Hot blood is pumped to the tongue, which is able to eliminate the heat in the form of humidity.

Gasping is one characteristic that all dogs have and they can begin gasping without doing any effort , this is how they carry out the perspiration and this able them to eliminate the temperature they don’t want.

WHAT´S THE SMALLEST VERTEBRATE ?

Paedophryne amauensis is a species of frog from Papua New Guinea discovered in August 2009 and formally described in January 2012.At 7.7 mm (0.30 in) in length, it is considered the world's smallest known vertebrate.The newly described frog species was listed in the Top 10 New Species 2013 by the International Institute for Species Exploration for discoveries made during 2012. The list was announced on 22 May 2013.Similar to all species of Paedophryne known so far, members of Paedophryne amauensis live in the leaf litter on the floors of tropical forests. They are capable of jumping thirty times their body length. The frog is crepuscular and feeds on small invertebrates. Males call for mates with a series of very high-pitched insect-like peeps at a frequency of 8400–9400 Hz.              

 
The frog species was discovered in August 2009 by Louisiana State University herpetologist Christopher Austin and his PhD student Eric Rittmeyer while on an expedition to explore the biodiversity of Papua New Guinea. The new species was found near Amau village in the Central Province, from which its specific name is derived. The discovery was published in the peer-reviewed scientific journal PLoS ONE in January 2012.Because the frogs have calls that resemble those made by insects and are camouflaged among leaves on the forest floor, Paedophryne amauensis were difficult to detect. While recording nocturnal frog calls in the forest, Austin and Rittmeyer used triangulation to identify the source of an unknown animal and discovered the frogs by scooping up handfuls of leaf litter and putting it into plastic bags where they spotted the tiny frog hopping around.
                               

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Microhylidae
Subfamily:	Asterophryinae
Genus:	Paedophryne
Species:	P. amauensis

                                                              BY:  RAÚL ORTIZ

Is it safe to eat genetically modified fish?

Is it safe to eat genetically modified fish?

Yes , it is safety because the agency of food and medicines of the EE.UU (FDA). It authorize the salmon genetically modified for human consumption. This fish (salmon) is the first animal modified to eat it safety. They injected a gen from Chinook salmon of the pacific ocean that accelerates the growing. These fish grow up in places close to urban centers . This food is approved only in the U.S. In Europe we need more information on this process to approve it. A kind of salmon that's been genetically modified so that it grows faster may be on the way to a supermarket near you. The Food and Drug Administration approved the fish on Thursday — a decision that environmental and food-safety groups are vowing to fight. This new kind of fast-growing salmon was actually created 25 years ago by Massachusetts-based AquaBounty Technologies. A new gene was inserted into fertilized salmon eggs — it boosted production of a fish growth hormone. The result: a fish that grows twice as fast as its conventional, farm-raised counterpart. AquaBounty has been trying to get government approval to sell its fish ever since. Five years ago, the FDA's scientific advisers concluded that the genetically modified fish, known as AquaAdvantage salmon, is safe to eat and won't harm the environment.